Karabakh emergency escalates, thousands still pouring into Armenia: UN agencies

© UNHCR/Karen Minasyan

 

Refugees arrive in the border town of Goris in Armenia.

29 September 2023

Humanitarian Aid

Over 88,000 refugees from the Karabakh region have fled to Armenia in less than a week and humanitarian needs are surging, the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) said on Friday.

Some 65,000 have already been registered at Government-run centres where long lines have formed.

Late on Friday, UNHCR chief Filippo Grandi tweeted that more than 100,000 refugees had now arrived in Armenia from Karabakh. 

Anxiety and fear

The agency is supporting the refugees with core relief items, said agency representative in Armenia Kavita Belani, who has been on the ground since day one of the crisis.

“People are tired. This is a situation where they’ve lived under nine months of blockade. When they come in, they’re full of anxiety, they’re scared, they’re frightened and they want answers as to what’s going to happen next.”

Ms. Belani said that the most urgent needs included psychosocial support, medication and shelter for everybody, given the high volume of arrivals, as well as targeted support for the most vulnerable: the elderly and children.

The UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) told reporters in Geneva that 30 per cent of those arriving are minors and many have been separated from their families.

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UN response in full gear

UNICEF is working with the authorities to make sure that family tracing is done right away so that the youngsters can be reunited with their relatives.

UNHCR is leading the inter-agency refugee response and coordination to complement the Armenian Government’s efforts, Ms. Belani said, and an appeal for funding is being finalized.

She stressed that while the response plan was for a duration of six months, the UN was already thinking of longer-term support to help Armenia integrate the new arrivals.

Earlier this week, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, reiterated her “strong concern” over the ongoing situation and called for “all efforts to be made” to ensure the protection and human rights of the ethnic Armenian population who remain in the area and of those who have left.

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Family-tracing

A major concern for humanitarians is that many children have been separated from their families, said Regina De Dominicis, UNICEF Regional Director and Special Coordinator for Refugee and Migrant Response in Europe.

"So we are working in providing first of all psychosocial support and working with the ministries and local authorities as well to make sure that family-tracing is done immediately and families can unite,” 

Since Sunday, Armenian villages near the border with the Karabakh region have turned into makeshift refugee camps.

Some of those seeking shelter had only minutes to pack to leave by cars, buses and construction trucks, they said.  While many refugees expressed relief at reaching Armenia from Azerbaijan, they remain traumatized and confused about the future, according to the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).

“It was so evident on everyone – children, men, women, elderly – the expressions on the faces of those who walk into registration points speak volumes,” said IFRC’s Hicham Diab, speaking from Armenia’s capital Yerevan.

© UNHCR/Karen Minasyan

 

Refugees leave their possessions in a tent in Goris, Armenia.

Each face tells a story

“Each face tells a story of hardship, but also of hope, knowing they are in a place where they can receive aid.”

The desperate situation was compounded by an explosion on Monday at a fuel depot in the Karabakh region that killed at least 68 people, according to local authorities.

An additional 105 people are still missing following the blast, which reportedly occurred as many people were lining up to get fuel to help them leave.

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“The priority of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in recent days has been on life-saving activities, including the transfer of the wounded to hospitals into Armenia for treatment and bringing in medical supplies,” said Carlos Morazzani, ICRC Operations Manager.

“Over the past week we have transferred around 130 people for medical care and after the explosion…we increased our engagement with all regional authorities.”

UN operation expands

The UN team in Armenia, led by acting Resident Coordinator Nanna Skau, is working with the Government to support the rapidly rising influx.

According to the latest official figures around 93,000 people have crossed into Armenia. The UN Population Fund (UNFPA) is supporting thousands of women in transit centres in the southeastern regions of Syunik and Vayots Dzor with 8,000 dignity kits, including drinking water, sanitary pads and soap.

Some 150,000 health kits have been distributed to support refugees and host communities.

The World Food Programme (WFP) has placed two mobile warehouses in Goris for non-food storage and a mobile kitchen serving up to 3,000 people every day.

The agency’s also delivered around 4,000 food parcels  to support 16,000 people in need in the Syunik region.

The UN Development Programme (UNDP) says it is preparing to launch a psychosocial support scheme to cover the needs of over 12,000 refugees.

UN team heads to region

Briefing correspondents at UN Headquarters the UN Spokesperson announced the Azerbaijani Government had agreed to allow the deployment of a UN mission to the region, due to take place over the weekend.

It would mark the first time in around 30 years that UN teams have gained access, he said.

Led by a senior official from the UN aid coordination office (OCHA) and the UN Resident Coordinator in Azerbaijan, Mr. Dujarric said it would include a technical team from OCHA.

“It's very important that we will be able to get in”, he added.

“While there, the team will seek to assess the situation on the ground and identify the humanitarian needs with both for both people remaining and the people that are on the move.”

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SC/15429

29 SEPTEMBER 2023

Public statement by Chair of Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict

The Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict, in connection with the examination of the third report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in Nigeria (document S/2022/596), agreed to convey the following messages through a public statement by the Chair of the Working Group:

To all parties to conflict in Nigeria:

• Strongly condemning all violations and abuses that continue to be committed against children by all parties to the conflict in Nigeria, noting that Boko Haram-affiliated and splinter groups were responsible for the vast majority of the incidents verified in the report, and noting with concern the disproportionate negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children; urging all parties to the conflict to immediately end and prevent all abuses and violations against children, including those involving the recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming of children, rape and other forms of sexual violence, attacks on schools and hospitals, abduction and the denial of humanitarian access and urging all parties to comply with their obligations under international law; (2020 conclusions 5a)
• Noting with concern that access restrictions to conflict-affected areas during the reporting period presented challenges to the verification of the six grave violations against children and that the information contained in the report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in Nigeria (document S/2022/596) does not reflect the full impact of armed conflict on children in Nigeria; (2020 conclusions 5b and Secretary-General report paragraph 16)
• Calling upon all parties to further implement the previous conclusions of the Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict in Nigeria (document S/AC.51/2020/4);
• Stressing the importance of accountability for all violations and abuses against children in armed conflict and stressing that all perpetrators must be brought to justice and held accountable without undue delay, including through timely and systematic investigations, and as appropriate, prosecution and conviction; to ensure that all victims have access to justice and to the medical, protection and support services that they need; (2020 conclusions paragraph 5d)
• Stressing that the best interests of the child should be a primary consideration, and that the specific needs and vulnerabilities of girls and boys, as well as children with disabilities and displaced children, should be duly considered, when planning and carrying out actions concerning children in situations of armed conflict; (Yemen 4d)
• Strongly condemning the continued recruitment and use of children, and strongly urging armed groups to immediately and without preconditions release all children associated with them, to hand them over to relevant civilian child protection actors in coordination with the respective Nigerian authorities and urging all parties to end and prevent the further recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, including the re-recruitment of children who have been released, consistent with their obligations under international law, including, as applicable, the Optional Protocol to the Convention of the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict; (based on 2020 conclusions 5e, streamlined)
• Expressing deep concern about the deprivation of liberty of children for their or their parents’ association or alleged association with Boko Haram-affiliated and splinter groups, emphasizing that children who have been recruited by armed groups and are accused of having committed crimes during armed conflicts should be treated primarily as victims and reaffirming the importance that all actors respect the rights of children in Nigeria, including, as applicable, under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict (2020 conclusions 5f; SG report).....

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9429TH MEETING (AM)

SC/15428

29 SEPTEMBER 2023

Security Council Renews Authorization to Inspect Vessels Suspected of Smuggling Migrants, Human Trafficking from Libya, Adopting Resolution 2698 (2023)

The Security Council today decided to renew, for a period of 12 months, its prior authorization allowing Member States to inspect vessels on the high seas off Libya’s coast, when there are reasonable grounds to believe they are participating in acts of migrant smuggling and human trafficking. 

Adopting resolution 2698 (2023) (to be issued as document S/RES/2698 (2023)) by a vote of 14 votes in favour and none against, with one abstention (Russian Federation), the Council condemned all acts of migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya, which undermine further the process of stabilization of that country and endanger the lives of hundreds of thousands of people.

Through the text, the Council also called upon Member States to place the human rights and immediate needs of migrants and refugees at the core of their efforts to prevent and counter smuggling and trafficking. In addition, it called upon all States with relevant jurisdiction to investigate and prosecute persons responsible for acts of migrant smuggling and human trafficking at sea, in accordance with their obligations under international law.

By further terms of the text adopted today, the Council renewed the reporting requirements provided for in Council resolution 2240 (2015) and requested the Secretary-General to report to the Council 11 months after the adoption of the resolution on its implementation.

Malta’s representative, speaking prior to adoption, said the resolution aims to send a strong message to those seeking to profit from the suffering of migrants.  It also seeks to put human rights and needs of migrants and refugees at the core of efforts to counter smuggling and trafficking off the coast of Libya. Therefore, it intends to effectively manage mass migration, while respecting human rights law, she added.

The Russian Federation’s delegation, speaking after adoption, said that he had abstained because a Council briefing on the issue, convened on 28 September at his country’s request, failed to provide answers to the question of why the resolution was needed if the European Union is unable to discharge the functions that it asked for.  He explained that during consultations, he pointed out that a limited rollover would be wrong, adding:  “Anyone who knows the situation or read the Secretary-General’s report on the implementation of Council resolution 2240 (2015) and subsequent resolutions knows they are not working.”

LIBYA..

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GA/DIS/3707*

28 SEPTEMBER 2023

Rytis Paulauskas (Lithuania) Chair of First Committee

(Based on information provided by the Protocol and Liaison Service)

The First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) elected Rytis Paulauskas (Lithuania) Chair on 1 June.  (See Press Release GA/12504.)

Prior to his appointment in 2021 as Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Mr. Paulauskas was Director of the Communications and Cultural Diplomacy Department of his country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a position to which he was appointed in August 2016.

He was Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva between August 2012 and July 2016; Director of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Chairmanship Department and Head of the OSCE Chairmanship Task Force from 2008 to 2012; and Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations, OSCE, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and other international organizations in Vienna from November 2003 to August 2008.

At Lithuania’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he was Director of the Security Policy Department from February to October 2003; Director of the Multilateral Relations Department from 2001 to February 2003; and Head of the Security Policy Division from 1999 to 2000.

In New York, he was Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1996 to 1999 — during which time he was elected as Rapporteur of the Sixth Committee (Legal) — and Counsellor from 1995 to 1996.  He was Lithuania’s Deputy Permanent Representative to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, France, from 1993 to 1994, and Attaché and then Acting Head of the International Organizations Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 1993.

Mr. Paulauskas holds a Master of Arts degree from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in the United States and a Master of Law degree from Vilnius University in Lithuania.

Born in Vilnius on 24 May 1969, he is married, has one son and lists reading, theatre, cinema and the restoration of old-time cars among his hobbies.

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SG/SM/21964

28 SEPTEMBER 2023

Secretary-General Deeply Concerned by Detention, Prosecution of Former International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala Official

The following statement was issued today by the Spokesman for UN Secretary-General António Guterres:

The Secretary-General is deeply concerned by the detention and prosecution of a former official of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG), Claudia González, for activities relating to her work for that body.  He also notes with concern that several other former CICIG staff are currently under investigation by judicial authorities, in some cases in relation to their work with CICIG.

Since CICIG’s closure in 2019, the Secretary-General has received multiple reports pointing to the use of criminal proceedings as a reprisal against persons involved in the investigation and prosecution of corruption cases along with CICIG.

The Secretary-General recalls the important contribution of CICIG and its personnel to the fight against corruption and impunity in Guatemala.  He reiterates his call on the Guatemalan authorities, in accordance with the agreement between the United Nations and the Government establishing the Commission, to protect the personnel of CICIG — whether international or national — from abuse, threats, reprisals or acts of intimidation because of their work for CICIG.

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9428TH MEETING (PM)

SC/15427

28 SEPTEMBER 2023

Conflicts, Disasters Driving More Migrants to Risk Mediterranean Crossing, Briefers Warn Security Council Ahead of Libya Mandate Decision

The Mediterranean remains a perilous route for a swelling number of migrants and asylum seekers trying to reach Europe, Security Council members said today, as they discussed the situation in the high seas off Libya ahead of a decision to renew resolution 2240 (2015), which authorizes States and regional groups to inspect and seize vessels in that area suspected of being used for migrant smuggling or human trafficking.

Ruven Menikdiwela, Director of the New York Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), said that while nearly 50,000 refugees and asylum seekers are registered with the refugee agency in Libya, it is not authorized to access the disembarkation points.  As such, many detained refugees are escorted to border areas and expelled to neighbouring countries, mainly Egypt, without procedural safeguards.  “Libya is not a place of safety for the purposes of disembarkation, following rescue at sea,” she stressed, underscoring that any cooperation or assistance provided to Tripoli should uphold the human rights of refugees and migrants.

Pär Liljert, Director of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Office to the United Nations, reporting that 2,093 deaths were recorded along the central Mediterranean route between January and September, expressed concern over the rise of discrimination and xenophobia directed at migrants and refugees.  Noting that more and more people may embark on perilous journeys due to conflict, disasters and environmental degradation, he urged all States to ensure the dignity of those within their borders through a human rights-based approach that prioritizes lives.

In the ensuing debate, several Council members expressed concerns about abuses of migrants and refugees in Libya.  Some called for a more holistic approach to tackle the drivers of irregular migration and prioritizing assistance, underscoring the importance of Libya’s stabilization to strengthen, while others spotlighted the rescue efforts of the European Union’s Naval Force Mediterranean Operation IRINI.

The Russian Federation’s representative said that his delegation requested the meeting following the information that 3,111 people died in the Mediterranean, while trying to reach Europe.  Tragedies such as the one on 14 June off the coast of Greece, in which 78 people died, demonstrate that the mechanism provided for in resolution 2240 (2015) is not functioning or is ineffective, he added. He questioned whether his European colleagues support investigations into the failure of European border services to aid migrants in distress, and what measures are being undertaken within the Operation IRINI framework.

Mozambique’s representative, also speaking for Ghana and Gabon, said that more must be done to address conflict, terrorism, poverty and climate change — factors that have led to the “worrisome scenario” being seen today. Strongly condemning the arbitrary detention of asylum seekers and refugees in Libya, he called on the national authorities to ensure that migrants are protected from human rights violations.  The stabilization of Libya would allow to strengthen control over its territory and reduce the Mediterranean migrant crisis, he said.

Malta’s representative, emphasizing that the Mediterranean remains a perilous migratory route, said that resolution 2240 (2015) and its renewals reaffirm the Council’s determination to combat the smuggling of migrants and trafficking of persons off the Libyan coast.  Reiterating Malta’s commitment to save lives and respond to displacement crises, she said that the Council should address the root causes of irregular migration and forced displacement through a comprehensive and integrated approach.

France’s representative said that establishing a Libyan State is the only way to end trafficking.  He called for more intensive cooperation among States to prevent dramas such as the ones unfolding in the Mediterranean.  Council members must help counter insecurity, he added, noting that the Wagner Group’s presence in the Sahel fuels terrorism and leads to displacement.

MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY

Briefings

RUVEN MENIKDIWELA, Director of the New York Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), reported that between January and August, more than 102,000 refugees and migrants attempted to cross the central Mediterranean from Tunisia to Europe, up 260 per cent compared to 2022.  More than 45,000 made the same journey from Libya.  Some 31,000 people were rescued at sea or intercepted and disembarked in Tunisia and another 10,600 in Libya.  Departures from Algeria remain limited with almost 4,700 arrivals in Spain until August, an increase of 18 per cent compared to 2022.  In total, 186,000 people arrived from January to 24 September by sea in Italy, Greece, Spain, Cyprus and Malta, with more than 130,000 people arriving in Italy.  This constitutes an increase of 83 per cent compared to the same period in 2022.  Moreover, as of September 24, more than 2,500 people were accounted as dead or missing, a two-thirds increase from the same period in 2022.  “Lives are also lost on land, away from public attention,” she said, adding that the journey across Africa to coastal points of departure remains one of the world’s most dangerous.  High departure rates in Tunisia result from the perception of insecurity among refugee communities, following incidents of racially-motivated attacks and hate speech, as well as collective expulsions from Libya and Algeria, she said.

In Libya, nearly 50,000 refugees and asylum seekers are registered with UNHCR, she continued, noting that the refugee agency is not authorized to access the disembarkation points controlled by entities involved in interception and rescue at sea.  Many detained refugees are escorted from Libya to border areas and expelled to neighbouring countries, mainly Egypt, without procedural safeguards.  “Libya is not a place of safety for the purposes of disembarkation, following rescue at sea.”  Turning to the simultaneous arrival of large numbers of people on Lampedusa, and noting its limited reception capacities, she said that UNHCR supports the authorities in “decongesting” the island.  “Italy cannot be left on its own in responding to the needs of the arrivals,” she said, calling for a regional disembarkation and redistribution mechanism for people who arrive by sea.  The challenges of mixed movements of refugees and migrants require a “panoramic” view of population movements, stressing the need for establishing proper, legal, substantive migration pathways, she said.

She went on to set out several urgent recommendations, including human rights safeguards, increased search and rescue at sea, the prosecution of smugglers and traffickers, and resettlement and complementary pathways.  Elaborating, she said that any cooperation or assistance provided to Libya or Tunisia should uphold the human rights of refugees and migrants.  All States around the Mediterranean must urgently step up search and rescue efforts and implement effective and predictable disembarkation mechanisms.  States must also cooperate on a route-based approach to investigate and prosecute smugglers.  Finally, UNHCR urges all States to invest more in development and inclusion in countries of asylum and transit, as well as to remove barriers to family reunification and to expand resettlement quotas for refugees from Libya and other countries in North Africa, she said.

PÄR LILJERT, Director of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Office to the United Nations, citing recent IOM data, said that between January and September, more than 187,000 people crossed the Mediterranean “in pursuit of a better future and the promise of safety”. Tragically, during the same period, IOM recorded 2,093 deaths along the central Mediterranean route.  “While significant attention is dedicated to deaths at sea, the stories shared by migrants suggest that several tragedies may be going unnoticed, especially during the crossing of the Sahara Desert.”  Although the central Mediterranean is “the most dangerous” route, Greece has seen a 300 per cent increase in arrivals this year, while entries into Italy have numbered 130,000 compared to 70,000 in 2022.

The impact of the conflict in Sudan is visible in the demography of those who arrive in Europe via the central Mediterranean route, he said.  In August, 1,294 Sudanese transited through Tunisia, while crossings from Libya into Tunisia also increased.  Expressing concern that discrimination and xenophobia directed at migrants and refugees are on the rise, he urged all States to ensure the dignity of those within their borders through a human rights-based approach that prioritizes lives.  He added that IOM is also concerned about refugees and migrants who are intercepted at sea and sent back to face appalling conditions and abuse in detention centres.  There were 10,992 such cases as of mid-September, he said.

“As the world is experiencing higher rates of conflict, disasters and environmental degradation than at any time in the past three decades, compounded by glaring inequalities and increased poverty, we can expect more and more people to embark on perilous journeys,” he said.  In this context, IOM recommends that the international community find ways to foster regular migration; enhance regular pathways for migrants who do not qualify for refugee status; ensure that the rights of those in irregular situations are respected; support national and regional efforts to prevent and resolve forced displacements; and increase search and rescue operations and capabilities.  “We must recognize that solutions to irregular migration cannot solely rely on preventing departures, but also on ensuring that we are effectively addressing the various drivers of migration in countries of origin, transit and, oftentimes, in countries of initial destination,” he added.

Statements

VASSILY A. NEBENZIA (Russian Federation) noted that he requested today’s meeting after reading the latest Secretary-General’s report on the implementation of resolution 2652 (2022) (document S/2023/640), which showed that 3,111 people died in the Mediterranean while trying to reach Europe, an increase of 77 per cent from 2022:  “This is a very sordid picture.”  Tragedies such as the one on 14 June off the coast of Greece, in which 78 people died, demonstrate that the mechanism provided for in resolution 2240 (2015) is not functioning or is ineffective, he said, adding:  “Why is this resolution needed if the European Union is unable to properly carry out the functions placed on it on its own request?”  Recalling a remark by the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy that everything must be done to protect “a blossoming garden from guests from the jungle,” he questioned whether his European colleagues support investigations into the failure of European border services to aid migrants in distress, and what measures are being undertaken within the Operation IRINI framework.  The rights of refugees, internally displaced persons and stateless persons must be protected, he said, adding that the European Union does not extend the solidarity it shows to Ukrainian migrants to those migrating from North Africa and the Middle East.....

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9427TH MEETING (AM)

SC/15426

28 SEPTEMBER 2023

Briefing Security Council, Special Representative Urges More Support to Protect Civilians in Democratic Republic of Congo, as Humanitarian Crisis Escalates

Armed groups’ activities in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo continue to pose security challenges and exacerbate a humanitarian situation, with 6 million people displaced, the top United Nations official in the country told the Security Council today as she called on regional stakeholders to support the Nairobi and Luanda processes and ensure the protection of civilians.

Presenting the Secretary-General’s latest report (document S/2023/691), Bintou Keita, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), said insecurity has continued to plague the country’s eastern part and requires ongoing efforts to protect civilians.  The 23 March Movement (M23) crisis continues to stoke anger among the population and to increase tensions between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda. 

Pointing to M23 control of strategic communication points and blocking of MONUSCO missions to Rumangabo, she said various security challenges continue to fuel a dramatic humanitarian situation in the east.  “MONUSCO is committed to supporting regional political processes, which offer the only credible solution to the current conflicts,” she stressed, adding that all regional stakeholders must be encouraged to actively support the Nairobi and Luanda processes and ensure that their deployments enhance the protection of civilians.

Michel Xavier Biang (Gabon), Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo, said that its two consultations in 2022 and five in 2023, held since 30 September 2022, included presentations by the Coordinator of the Group of Experts on the Group’s mid-term and final reports.  In late 2022, Committee members met an official of the country’s monitoring mechanism, reaffirming their support for that tool, which is aiding Government authorities’ investigation of the March 2017 murders of two former members of the Group of Experts and the four Congolese citizens accompanying them, he said.

Anny Tenga Modi, Executive Director and Co-Founder of AFIA MAMA, a non-profit youth-led organization on women’s health, noting that 35,000 cases of sexual violence were reported between January and June 2023, said UN agencies, among other actors, must provide support to awareness-raising programmes on “positive masculinity” for former combatants and strengthen participation of women’s initiatives in the Nairobi and Luanda processes.  She also called on donors to finance prevention programmes and urged the Government to ensure the effectiveness of the national reparations fund for victims of sexual violence in conflict.

In the ensuing discussion, speakers underscored the importance of responding to the host country’s expectations around the accelerated withdrawal of MONUSCO, stressing the need for well-coordinated cooperation among all stakeholders.  Several delegates called on M23 and other armed groups to withdraw and parties to implement the Luanda and Nairobi processes, while others stressed the Congolese Government’s responsibility to protect civilians and ensure its readiness in preparation for the country’s general elections and the Mission’s departure.

Ghana’s representative, speaking also for Gabon and Mozambique, said close cooperation between the Congolese authorities, MONUSCO and relevant stakeholders will help ensure a smooth, orderly, progressive and coordinated withdrawal that protects civilians and the safety and security of Mission personnel.  He invited all partners to provide financial, material and technical support to the country as it implements the Demobilization, Disarmament, Community Recovery and Stabilization Programme for ex-combatants, security sector reform and the training and capacity-building of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC).

Japan’s representative, on that note, voiced support for the Government’s efforts to develop community policing.  The Mission’s responsible withdrawal must also be accompanied by the concomitant establishment of an effective presence of State authorities ensuring the rule of law, she added.

Several speakers expressed alarm about growing tensions in the east of the country and armed groups’ continued presence, with France’s representative calling on M23 to withdraw and take part in the cantonment process.  Echoing other delegates, he stressed that Rwanda’s military support for M23 and the persistent presence of Rwandan soldiers in Congolese territory must end.  To enable the Mission to carry out its mandate until its withdrawal, he proposed that the Council adopt a presidential statement in that regard.

The representative of the United States, meanwhile, voiced concern that the Democratic Republic of the Congo and regional security forces are not prepared to meet the Congolese people’s security requirements.  The Secretary-General’s transition plan relied heavily on the East African Community (EAC) Regional Force to backfill the Mission, she pointed out, stressing the need for appropriate safeguards to be put in place with respect to human rights and accountability.

Among speakers who underscored the importance of regional cooperation, as well as the holding of peaceful, transparent and inclusive elections, was China’s representative, who stressed that the stability of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo bears on the overall security of the Great Lakes region.  The general elections at the end of 2023 will be a milestone in the country’s political and peace processes, he said, voicing support for the Mission’s assistance in election preparations, as well as protection of civilians.

Christophe Lutundula Apala Pen’apala, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, attributing the security crisis in the eastern part of his country to criminal acts, notably by M23 supported by Rwanda, called once again for the withdrawal of Rwanda and M23 troops.  His Government moved up the start of the Mission’s withdrawal from the end of 2024 to the end of 2023, he added, noting that its proposal was a tactical reorganization aimed at diffusing tensions between MONUSCO and civilians; preventing the recurrence of violent incidents; and ensuring the dignified exit of MONUSCO, among others.

On the contrary, Rwanda’s representative said Kinshasa must address the root causes of the conflict rather than “scapegoating Rwanda”.  The disruptive behaviour of these armed forces, in alliance with Kinshasa’s army, threatens to undermine any positive regional initiatives, he emphasized, stating:  “Rwanda gains no benefit from an insecure [Democratic Republic of the Congo].”  Actions by certain external Powers to please Kinshasa, in pursuit of their economic interest and at Rwanda’s expense, are aggravating the situation, he added, stressing:  “This is the paramount issue that demands the Council’s attention.”

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SEVENTY-EIGHTH SESSION,

 

1ST MEETING (AM)

GA/SPD/774

28 SEPTEMBER 2023

Fourth Committee Approves Programme of Work for Seventy-Eighth Session

The Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization Committee) approved its programme of work for the General Assembly’s seventy-eighth session today, covering topics ranging from the decolonization of the 17 remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories and United Nations peacekeeping operations to the plight of Palestinian refugees and the peaceful uses of outer space, among other items.

Opening the meeting, Committee Chair Mathu Joyini (South Africa) said the Committee has received 215 requests for hearings relating to the questions of the British Virgin Islands, French Polynesia, Gibraltar, New Caledonia, the United States Virgin Islands and Western Sahara, under agenda item 58, entitled “Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples”.  The British Virgin Islands, French Polynesia, Gibraltar, Guam and New Caledonia also expressed their desire to send representatives to address the Committee under that same agenda item, she added. 

According to the timetable contained in its organization of work (document A/C.4/78/L.1), the Committee will consider a cluster of decolonization issues from 2 to 11 October, hearing statements from representatives and petitioners of the Non-Self-Governing Territories followed by a joint general debate on the issue. 

Among other items, the Committee will consider assistance in mine action on 12 October and the effects of atomic radiation on 13 October.  It will then turn its attention to the questions relating to information from 17 to 19 October; international cooperation on the peaceful uses of outer space from 24 to 27 October; peacekeeping operations in all their aspects from 30 October to 1 November; and special political missions on 2 November.

The agenda items titled “United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)” and “Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories” will be on the Committee’s agenda from 6 to 9 November.

In other business, the Committee decided to establish a Working Group of the Whole to consider proposals submitted under the agenda item “International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space”.  Acting without a vote, it elected Omran Sharaf (United Arab Emirates) as Chair of that working group.

The Fourth Committee will reconvene at 3 p.m. on Monday, 2 October, for introductory statements and its joint general debate on decolonization items.

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9426TH MEETING (PM)

SC/15425

27 SEPTEMBER 2023

Special Envoy, Briefing Security Council, Fears a Turn for the Worse in Syria Unless Fitful Political Process Urgently Gets Back on Track

An ever-deepening economic, humanitarian and security crisis in Syria is leading to widespread hopelessness and suffering, the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for the country informed the Council today, underscoring the urgent need for a political process to resume.

Geir O. Pedersen, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria, called for concrete measures to address the concerns of Syrian civilians and for Syrian parties and international actors to entertain compromise to relaunch a Syrian-led and -owned political process in line with resolution 2254 (2015).  “The alternative is not a grim but containable status quo,” he warned.  “It is a future of deterioration across humanitarian, security and institutional fronts, with significant implications for all.” 

The Syrian economy is in “free fall” after a dozen years of conflict, he said, while half the population is living amidst food insecurity.  Outbreaks of violence have meanwhile forced tens of thousands from their homes over the past month.  There are also fresh signs of popular frustration, as borne out by protests in As Suwaydā' governorate.  “We cannot simply accept the status quo, because it will get worse and worse, it could well unravel — and this will lead to new challenges,” he said.

Edem Wosornu, Director of Operations and Advocacy, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, said that the resumption of United Nations humanitarian shipments into north-west Syria through the Bab al-Hawa border were the first such deliveries since 10 July, when Security Council resolution 2672 (2023) lapsed.  While other border crossings were used in the interim, Bab al-Hawa remains key, contributing to better functioning schools, health facilities and drinking water access.  However, the 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan for Syria is less than 30 per cent funded, she said, adding:  “Much more is still needed for millions of people throughout Syria to reclaim a safe and dignified life.”

Su’ad Jarbawi, Middle East and North Africa Regional Vice President, International Rescue Committee, urged the Council to authorize cross-border assistance for another 12 months.  Its failure in July to reauthorize such assistance into north-west Syria left the organization’s partners inside Syria frustrated and anxious.  “With the crisis showing little prospect of abating, we urge the world to not forget those in need — and continue to emphasize the responsibilities of this Council to protect Syrians wherever they are,” she said.

In the ensuing debate, Council members voiced concern over worsening humanitarian and economic conditions in Syria as well as the fragile security situation.  Many speakers welcomed the resumption of aid shipments through Bab al-Hawa, while some stressed that such flows must not be impeded in the future.

Among them was the representative of Albania, Council President for September, who — speaking in his national capacity — reiterated that access authorizations must not be politicized.  Observing that an “absurd veto” previously terminated the Council authorization for cross-border access into the north-west, he stressed the need for a Council decision to ensure the predictability and sustainability of aid. 

Brazil’s delegate, speaking on behalf of his country and Switzerland as co-penholders of the Syrian humanitarian file, called on all actors involved to not limit the duration of the authorizations, given the increasing humanitarian needs. “Syria's worsening humanitarian crisis is deeply concerning,” he said, highlighting the United Nations' role in delivering aid remains vital.  

The United States’ representative said that the Government of Syria has a history of manipulating humanitarian assistance while also denying the United Nations access to the Rukban camp for internally displaced persons, on the border with Jordan. She added that her country’s sanctions will stay in place until concrete progress is made towards a measurable solution.

The Russian Federation’s delegate, stating that Bab al-Hawa will remain open until 13 March 2024, blamed the insecurity in several regions of Syria on “the external intervention of Washington and its allies, intended to further destabilize the situation in Syria and create a border buffer strip”.  He also accused the United States of appropriating crude oil, leaving Syria with oil sector losses estimated at $115.2 billion. 

Syria’s representative, taking the floor near the end of the meeting, decried the United States’ “illegal and unjustified military presence on Syrian soil” and its support for separatist militias.  The Council must ensure that it is held accountable for oil sector losses and obligated to pay compensation.  He added that an economic blockade and unilateral coercive measures, imposed by the United States and the European Union on Syria, have resulted “in the impoverishment of the Syrian people … causing great and unprecedented economic and humanitarian suffering”.  Syria continues to support the dialogue process and coordination with the Special Envoy, whose efforts will hopefully allow meetings of the Constitutional Committee to resume as soon as possible, he added.  

https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15425.doc.htm

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Security Council’s ‘west-led irrational structure’ must be reformed, DPRK tells UN

UN Photo/Cia Pak

 

Ambassador Kim Song of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea addresses the general debate of the General Assembly’s 78th session.

26 September 2023

UN Affairs

The “west-led irrational structure” of the UN Security Council must be reformed to prevent the “high-handedness and arbitrariness” of forces within the body, including the United States, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) told the General Assembly on Tuesday.

To that end, representation of developing countries that make up the absolute majority of United Nations, must be expanded and strengthened, said Kim Song, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of DPRK to the UN.

“The issue to be addressed before anything else in the UN activities is to ensure that the Security Council is not allowed to be used as an instrument of specific forces for pursuing their geopolitical purposes, but strictlyĺ observes the principles of objectivity, impartiality and equity, befitting its heavy responsibility for maintenance of international peace and security,” he stressed.

‘Nothing more than an insult’

Mr. Kim cited recent Council meetings, convened to debate as separate agenda items “the legitimate right” to launch a satellite and “human rights issues” of the country.

It is “nothing more than an insult” to the spirit of the UN Charter that the Security Council put on table “the just and independent right” of a sovereign State and groundlessly took issue with human rights situation of an individual country, he said.

“The Security Council should put an end to the acts of discrediting sovereign States, interfering in their domestic affairs and fomenting confrontation and division by tabling issues detrimental to its mission and mandate,” he added.

Main purposes of the UN

Mr. Kim also emphasized that peace, prosperity, progress and development were the main purposes of the UN and they remain “an invariable desire of humankind as ever”.

He noted the end of COVID-19 global public health emergency thanks to the joint efforts of the international community, although the socio-political instability incurred by the pandemic remains.

In addition, abnormal climate events such as El Niño caused a myriad of natural disasters, leading to enormous human and material losses, reminding that climate change is a pressing common task “to which we should no longer remain indifferent.”

“In order for humanity to successfully achieve the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development braving through all these crises and challenges, we should seek correct ways and means to solve the problems while defending multilateralism around the UN and promoting unity and cooperation among countries on the basis of the international law and fundamental principles governing the international relations,” he stressed.

US and ROK both ‘hysterical’  

Making matters worse, some UN Member States “are instigating confrontation” among countries in pursuance of hegemony and self-profits.

For example, he said the United States made 2023 an “extremely dangerous year...trying to provoke a nuclear war.  He denounced leaders from both the US and Republic of Korea for “hysterical remarks of confrontation remarks of confrontation such as ‘end of the regime’ and ‘occupation of Pyongyang’ in flagrant violation of the principles and purposes of the UN Charter.

He also said Washington was trying to create “the Asian version of NATO,” the military alliance that includes European nations and the United States and Canada.

“The DPRK remains steadfast and unchanged in its determination to firmly defend the national sovereignty, security interests and well-being of the people against the hostile threats from outside,” he said, adding that “the US and its following forces should look back on the consequences of their hostilities committed … and make the right choice judging what the end result would be.”

 

Full statement available here.

https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/09/1141537

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Regional action essential to address migrant surge through Central America

© UNOCHA/Vincent Tremeau

 

Migrants on their way to the United States are treated at a medical care station in Danlí, Honduras.

27 September 2023

Migrants and Refugees

With record numbers of people transiting through Central America and Mexico in search of a better life further north, UN migration agency IOM on Wednesday appealed for regional action to address their immediate needs while tackling the drivers of migration.

"The situation underscores the urgent need for the immediate collective involvement of governments from origin, transit and destination countries to provide humanitarian assistance, especially to vulnerable groups like women and children," said Michele Klein Solomon, IOM Regional Director for Central America, North America and the Caribbean.  

Perilous journeys

IOM cited statistics that reveal the magnitude of the problem, noting that Panama’s National Migration Service reported a record number of migrants crossing the perilous Darién jungle from Colombia this year.

Over 390,000 people made the treacherous journey as of 23 September, with 82,000 crossing in August alone - the highest monthly figure on record. Most come from Venezuela, Ecuador and Haiti.  

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UNmigration

Beyond the rise in numbers, IOM said the most significant trend has been the shift by Cuban migrants and those coming from African countries who are increasingly flying to Central America, thus sidestepping the Darién route altogether.  

Meanwhile, only 4,100 migrants from Africa crossed the Darién between January and July of this year, a 65 per cent decrease from the same period in 2022.  

Conversely, Honduras saw a staggering 553 per cent increase in arrivals from Africa, 19,412 people, through its southern border. Similarly, only 524 Cubans were reported in the Darién during this period, compared to the 17,157 arriving by land in Honduras.  

Danger all around

People transiting Central America and Mexico face numerous challenges, IOM said, highlighting the dangers in the Darién jungle.

Migrants have been injured, abandoned on muddy slopes, or swept away by sudden river floodings. They are also vulnerable to robbery, violence and sexual abuse.  

In countries along the route, migrant families find themselves hungry, sleeping in the streets and forced to beg. Many suffer health issues like diarrhoea and dehydration.  

IOM monitors migration movements and supplies life-saving information and assistance throughout Colombia, Central America and Mexico, and provides hygiene items, food, protection services and healthcare.  

Staff also assist with voluntary return operations, infrastructure and shelter support, and carry out communication campaigns to counter false information and alert migrants about the dangers they might face.  

Collaboration and support

IOM warned that despite the efforts of transit nations, UN agencies and humanitarian organizations, the capacity to offer life-saving aid is stretched thin.  

The agency explained that migration drivers are complex, ranging from economic and social factors to environmental and political challenges.

Many have been intensified by the fallouts from the COVID-19 pandemic, recent extreme weather events, and political unrest in countries of origin.  

"The challenges of migration are too vast for any nation in the Americas to tackle alone," said Marcelo Pisani, IOM’s Regional Director for South America.  

"As mandated on the Global Compact on Migration, IOM advocates for a comprehensive, collaborative regional strategy and reaffirms its unwavering support for initiatives that uphold international humanitarian duties, sustainable development objectives, and the fundamental human rights of those on the move."  

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9425TH MEETING (AM)

SC/15424

27 SEPTEMBER 2023

Security Council: The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question

Note:  A full summary of today’s Security Council meeting will be made available upon completion.

THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST, INCLUDING THE PALESTINIAN QUESTION

Briefing

TOR WENNESLAND, Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, reporting on the implementation of Security Council resolution 2334 (2016) for the period from 15 June to 19 September 2023, detailed ongoing settlement activity by Israeli authorities who advanced plans for 6,300 housing units in Area C and approximately 3,580 housing units in East Jerusalem.  He reported that on 18 June, the Israeli Government removed the requirement for ministerial approval at interim stages of settlement planning and delegated this authority to the Additional Minister in the Ministry of Defense, likely expediting settlement expansion.  Moreover, Israeli authorities, citing the lack of Israeli-issued building permits, which are almost impossible for Palestinians to obtain, demolished, seized or forced people to demolish 238 structures, including 32 donor-funded ones, displacing 183 people, including 46 women and 91 children.  Fifty-nine schools, serving some 6,500 Palestinian students, are at risk of demolition, he added.

“In a continuing trend, many Palestinians, including children, left from their communities citing violence by settlers and shrinking grazing land,” he continued, adding that 68 Palestinians, including 18 children, were killed by Israeli security forces during demonstrations, security operations and other incidents.  Meanwhile, 10 Israelis, including one woman, two children and three Israeli security forces personnel, were killed, and 122 Israelis, including six women, six children and 33 Israeli security forces personnel, were injured by Palestinians in attacks and other incidents.  Israeli security forces’ 1,042 search-and-arrest operations in the West Bank have resulted in 1,504 Palestinians arrested, including 88 children, he added, highlighting that Israel currently holds 1,264 Palestinians in administrative detention — the highest number in over a decade.  Many Palestinian casualties in the occupied West Bank occurred in the context of Israeli operations in Area A, he reported, detailing incidents in August that killed Palestinians and Israelis.

He went on to say that, unfortunately, acts of provocation and inflammatory rhetoric continued, recalling such statements made by Israeli ministers and a senior Palestinian Authority official.  As well, despite positive steps, negative trends imperilling the two-State solution continued, he said, noting that Israeli authorities reduced the handling fee for fuel that Israel transfers to the Palestinian Authority.  On 17 September, the Erez crossing was closed for exits due to Jewish holidays and has remained closed due to the violence near the security fence, he said, reporting that over 22,000 work and business permit holders have been denied exit since the closure.  He pointed out that the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) urgently needs $75 million to maintain food assistance through year-end for 1.2 million Palestinians in Gaza, while the World Food Programme (WFP) requires $32 million to restore social assistance to priority families across the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

Turning to the resolution’s call on all States “to distinguish […] between the territory of the State of Israel and the territories occupied since 1967”, he pointed to the United States Department of State’s recent foreign policy guidance in that regard to its relevant agencies.  Regarding the resolution’s call on parties to exert collective efforts to launch credible negotiations, he reported that on 12 August, Saudi Arabia appointed an Ambassador to the State of Palestine and Consul General in Jerusalem for the first time since 1947, and on 18 September Saudi Arabia, the League of Arab States and the European Union, in cooperation with Egypt and Jordan, convened a ministerial meeting to “discuss practical ways to reinvigorate” the Middle East peace process.  Detailing the Secretary-General’s observations on the matter, he highlighted the UN chief’s call on the Government of Israel to cease all settlement activity and the practice of demolition and seizure of Palestinian structures and to abide by its obligations under international law to protect the Palestinian population, as well as his support for Palestinians and Israelis in their efforts to resolve the conflict “in pursuit of the vision of two States”.

Statements

LINDA THOMAS-GREENFIELD (United States) said the ongoing violence between the Israelis and Palestinians sets back prospects for peace and is responsible for “so much needless suffering”.  She expressed deep concern over the situation in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza and called on all parties to refrain from actions and rhetoric that further inflame the tensions.  She called deeply alarming “the sharp rise in violence by Israeli settlers against Palestinians” and called to hold accountable all perpetrators of violence against civilians whether Israeli or Palestinian.  The United States opposes the advancement of settlements and urges Israel to refrain from those actions, she said, emphasizing it undermines “the geographic viability of a two-State solution, exacerbates tensions and further harms trust between the two parties”.  Turning to the immediate needs of Palestinian refugees, she announced nearly $73 million in additional contributions to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and called on all donors to provide additional assistance to the programme as soon as possible.  She further added that the United States calls on Beirut to take additional steps to ensure the full implementation of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) mandate.

NICOLAS DE RIVIÉRE (France) condemned that, 30 years after the Oslo I Accord, Israeli settlement construction in the occupied Palestinian territories is increasing.  This runs counter to Geneva Convention (IV) as well as Security Council resolution 2334 (2016), he underscored.  Declaring that France will never recognize those illegal activities and their legalization, he called on Israel to halt them, as they prevent conflict resolution.  He went on to denounce acts of terrorism, reiterating France’s commitment to Israel’s security and protection of civilians.  The only solution lies in two States living peacefully side by side, both having Jerusalem as their capital.  In this vein, he expressed support for the initiative of the European Union, Saudi Arabia and the League of Arab States to incentivize negotiations by preparing a packet of measures that would benefit both parties once a peace agreement is signed.  France is prepared to provide a contribution, he stated.

VANESSA FRAZIER (Malta), noting that the situation remains “increasingly unsustainable for Palestinians and Israelis alike”, emphasized that Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, are a violation of international law.  She voiced concern about demolitions and the forceable transfer of Palestinian communities.  Condemning terror attacks upon Israeli civilians and “episodes of settler violence which have terrorized Palestinian communities”, she urged swift justice for those responsible.  Expressing support to credible negotiations on all final status issues, she addressed the fiscal and political situation of the Palestinian Authority, calling for engagement towards reconciliation and the prompt holding of national elections.  She emphasized the need to address the humanitarian needs of Palestinians, particularly in Gaza, and expressed support for UNRWA’s critical role in providing assistance.

GENG SHUANG (China) observed that while 2023 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the Oslo I Accord, the Occupied Palestinian Territory remains mired in conflict and turmoil.  He called for higher priority to be given to the question of Palestine on the international agenda.  He voiced support for State of Palestine President Mahmoud Abbas’ call on the United Nations to convene an international peace conference and for the Security Council sending a visiting mission to Palestine and Israel in due course.  Urging the cessation of all settlement activities, unilateral actions to change the status quo in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and escalation of settler violence, he called on parties concerned to return to the right track of a two-State solution.  He also urged the occupying Power to relax and remove unreasonable restrictions on the movement of persons, goods and land use, and to lift the blockade of the Gaza Strip as soon as possible.

BARBARA WOODWARD (United Kingdom), recalling that 15 September marks the third anniversary of the Abraham Accords, encouraged more countries to normalize their relations with Israel.  From 11 to 13 September, the British Foreign Secretary visited Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories and spoke to their leaders, emphasizing the importance of elections in those territories, she reported.  Noting that the thirtieth anniversary of the Oslo I Accord is a “poignant reminder” that States must work together to achieve peace, she reiterated support for the two-State solution.  The Foreign Secretary also met UNRWA’s Commissioner-General and visited Jalazone refugee camp, she observed, spotlighting that the United Kingdom has announced an additional £10 million to address the programme’s crisis.  Reporting that 1,105 Palestinians were displaced from their communities since 2022, she pointed out that the increase of settler violence in the occupied territories renders a risk of forced transfer.  “We must end the cycle of violence,” she underscored.....

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